Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Shunt

What is a Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Shunt?

A CSF shunt is a medical device used to treat conditions where fluid builds up in or around the brain, causing pressure. This fluid, called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), normally surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. When it doesn’t flow or absorb properly, it can lead to conditions like hydrocephalus or intracranial hypertension. A shunt helps by moving this extra fluid to another part of the body, such as the abdomen or chest or the atrium of the heart, where it can be absorbed safely. The shunt is a small tube (catheter) or a system with two tubes and a valve to control the flow.

What are the symptoms of conditions requiring a CSF shunt?

Conditions like hydrocephalus or intracranial hypertension can cause:

  • Headaches
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Blurred or double vision
  • Feeling very tired or sleepy
  • Problems with balance or walking
  • Confusion or memory issues
  • In children, a bulging soft spot on the head or a larger-than-normal head

If you notice these symptoms, talk to a doctor as soon as possible.

Characteristics of a CSF Shunt

Patients with a CSF shunt need special care, often involving:

  • Regular check-ups with a doctor or neurosurgeon to make sure the shunt is working properly
  • Imaging tests, like CT scans or X-rays, to check the shunt’s position
  • Monitoring for signs of infection or blockage, such as redness, swelling, or worsening symptoms
  • Adjustments or additional surgery if the shunt isn’t working correctly
  • Pain management after surgery to help with discomfort from incisions or the tube placement
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How do I know if I’m experiencing problems with my CSF shunt?

You might have a problem with your shunt if you notice:

If you have any of these signs, contact your doctor, surgeon, or go to the nearest emergency department right away.

A healthcare professional can provide a comprehensive evaluation, typically involving:

  • A physical exam to check your symptoms and overall health
  • Questions about your medical history and any changes in how you feel
  • Imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, to look at the shunt and brain
  • Tests to check how well the shunt is working, like measuring fluid pressure
  • Blood tests if an infection is suspected

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What are the symptoms of conditions requiring a CSF shunt?

Conditions like hydrocephalus or intracranial hypertension can cause:

  • Headaches
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Blurred or double vision
  • Feeling very tired or sleepy
  • Problems with balance or walking
  • Confusion or memory issues
  • In children, a bulging soft spot on the head or a larger-than-normal head

If you notice these symptoms, talk to a doctor as soon as possible.

You might have a problem with your shunt if you notice:

  • Return of symptoms like headaches, nausea, or vision problems
  • Redness, swelling, or pain around the surgery site
  • Fever or signs of infection
  • New symptoms like weakness, numbness, or pins and needles
  • Feeling more tired or confused than usual

If you have any of these signs, contact your doctor, surgeon, or go to the nearest emergency department right away.

IMPORTANT FOR ALL PATIENTS.

If you are on any blood thinning medications such as anti-platelet, anti-coagulant or anti-inflammatory medications, they should be stopped one week prior to any surgery. Examples of these medications include plavix, co-plavix, prasugrel, ticagrelor, asasantin, aspirin, disprin, solprin, astrix, cartia, warfarin, pradaxa, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, clexane, heparin, celebrex, mobic, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen.

Some diabetes medications need to be stopped up to three weeks prior to surgery. Please discuss with your doctor if you are taking one of these medications.

Similarly, any herbal or natural remedies including (but not limited to) traditional Chinese herbal remedies and prescriptions, naturopathic and homeopathic treatments, and supplements (such as glucosamine, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, turmeric and fish oil) should be stopped one week prior to any surgery.

If these medications are not stopped, then your surgery may need to be delayed and rescheduled for reasons of safety. If you are unsure about whether you need to stop any of your medications, please ask your doctor.

Depending on your general fitness and your medical co-morbidities, you may require an assessment by physician specialists and an anaesthetist to assess your safety for surgery, before a decision can be made about your suitability for surgery.

Prior to any surgery, you will need to fast. On the night prior to surgery, your last mouthful of food should be prior to 12 midnight. On the day of surgery, you can sip clear water up until 4 hours prior to your surgery. You may use this opportunity to take medications that your doctor is happy for you to take. Please check with your doctor, what you should do with your medications and write those instructions here.

A member of staff from the hospital or the surgeon’s rooms will contact you up to three days prior to your admission and discuss this with you. They will also discuss your hospital paperwork if this has not been done. This is your opportunity to ask any questions you may have about your upcoming admission.

FAQs

Your doctor will explain the results and discuss the next steps, which may include inserting or adjusting the shunt or other treatments.

Important Note: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. If you have concerns about the above, or are experiencing symptoms, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment options.

In Case of Emergency: If you or someone you know experiences sudden, or severe onset of symptoms or other emergency symptoms, call 000 (Australia) or your local emergency number immediately.

This information has been prepared to help you understand your neurological condition better. Your healthcare team is the best source for advice about your specific situation and treatment options.